ADHD Treatment For Adults - Stimulant Medication
Adult ADHD is treated with stimulant drugs like dextroamphetamine or methylphenidate. These drugs increase and balance the levels of neurotransmitters, which are brain chemicals.
Nonstimulant medications such as atomoxetine and antidepressants may be prescribed if stimulants are not appropriate for the patient due to other health problems or side effects. These medications are slower than stimulants and reduce the amount of impulsivity and lack of attention.
Stimulants
Stimulants increase brain neurotransmitters norepinephrine and dopamine, which improves attention and decreases impulsivity and hyperactivity. These are the most commonly used treatment for ADHD in both adults and children. There are several types of stimulant medications each with its own side effects and benefits. Long-acting medications are best for the majority of people since they build up in the system over time. This helps reduce the "ups and downs" caused by fluctuating levels of medications which can make symptoms worse as the drug is worn off. The FDA has approved a variety of ADHD medications, including methylphenidates and amphetamines (including Ritalin, Concerta and Concerta).
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These drugs may take longer to take effect, but they can also help treat adhd in adults. These medications are referred to as alpha-2 adrenergic, or norepinephrine inhibitors. They are usually prescribed to treat high blood pressure, but they have been used for many years "off-label" to treat ADHD in both adults and children. Since they don't affect the epinephrine system in the same way as stimulants do, they are less likely to cause severe adverse reactions or addiction. These drugs work for up to 24 hours and can be taken regularly to decrease impulsivity.
Some patients with ADHD find it difficult to tolerate stimulants due their side effects. In these instances, doctors might prescribe antidepressants along with stimulants to lessen side effects. These include tricyclic antidepressants, as well as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), such as imipramine, Tofranil and nortriptyline, (Aventyl and Pamelor). Antidepressants typically have more complex adverse effects than stimulants and are typically only used when other medications aren't effective.
Diet and exercise may also help in treating ADHD. A well-balanced diet is important for everyone, but it's especially important for people with ADHD. A healthy diet can improve concentration, reduce impulsive behavior and reduce food cravings. Before making any changes to one's diet or removing certain foods, those suffering from ADHD should consult with their physician.
Counseling
Adults with ADHD are able to benefit from psychotherapy or counseling. This type of therapy can help them learn strategies to manage their issues and can help them improve their life. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is one type of therapy that has been shown to be effective for adults suffering from ADHD. CBT is designed to alter negative thinking patterns and replace them with positive ones. Adults suffering from ADHD can also benefit from marital and family therapy.
Self-help methods like improving sleep patterns and limiting the consumption of caffeine can also reduce ADHD symptoms. People suffering from ADHD should consult their primary care doctor about a referral to an ADHD specialist. A therapist or psychiatrist who has expertise in treating adults suffering from ADHD could be able help people find the right combination of treatments. They can offer support and advice for managing ADHD at the home, in school or on the job. They can help parents and spouses better know how to communicate with a child who suffers from ADHD or how to handle the challenges that come with living with ADHD.